Tfilos Shabbos-Mussaf

Shiur 22 – Tfilos Shabbos-Mussaf

אֵין כָּמוֹךָ בָאֱלֹהִים 

There is no one like You amongst the gods

On weekdays, we say vayehi binsoah ho’oron, which refers to the sefer torah coming into the reality of our world. However, the hotzoas sefer torah of Shabbos and Yom Tov is a special time. On Shabbos and Yom Tov, we reveal the whole picture of kedushah. Therefore, on Shabbos and Yom Tov, Torah is not just revealed as something that enters our reality, but as part of the whole picture of kedushah. This kedushah was here in the beginning of the world and will lead to the end of the world.

The idea that Shabbos and Yom Tov are special times with special giluyim of the kedushah of the world can be seen from the fact that Shabbos is meein olam habo. Similarly, Yom Tov is like a siman that directs us towards the tachlis. For example, the giluyim of Yetziyas Mitzrayim direct us to what will be in the time to come.

אֵין כָּמוֹךָ בָאֱלֹקים אֲדֹ-נָי, וְאֵין כְּמַעֲשֶׂיךָ

There are no gods like You Hashem

In this world

וּמֶמְשַׁלְתְּךָ בְּכָל דּוֹר וָדֹר 

And your dominion in every generation

This is the kedushah that is in every generation.

יְ-יָ מֶלֶךְ, יְ-יָ מָלָךְ, יְ-יָ יִמְלֹךְ לְעֹלָם וָעֶד׃

Hashem is the king, He was the king and He will rule forever

This is the sugyah of giluy malchus shomayim in this world.

יְ-יָ יְבָרֵךְ אֶת עַמּוֹ בַשָּׁלוֹם ְ-ה”ָ עֹז לְעַמּוֹ יִתֵּן

Hashem will give might to His people. Hashem will bless His people with peace  ; (see ending of Mizmor Ledovid of Kabbalas Shabbos)

This kedushah that we are speaking about is essentially more than we are capable of accepting. However, Torah enables us to live with it.

אַב הָרַחֲמִים; הֵיטִיבָה בִרְצוֹנְךָ אֶת צִיּוֹן, תִּבְנֶה חוֹמוֹת יְרוּשָׁלָ͏יִם

The compassionate Father, etc.

We ask that this kedushah should be revealed into our reality.

כִּי בְךָ לְבַד בָּטָחְנוּ, מֶלֶךְ אֵ-ל רָם וְנִשָּׂא, אֲדוֹן עוֹלָמִים

Because in You we have bitachon etc.

We have bitachon that Hashem’s mehalech will work out.

So on Shabbos and Yom Tov, we speak about how the Torah does not just enter into our reality, but how it will enter into the reality of the giluy of leosid lovo.

Mussaf shemoneh esrei

The Shemoneh Esrei is based on the korban mussaf.

The korban mussaf of Shabbos is a special korban of two sheep (korbon olah). This is like the sheep that we give every day, one in the morning and one in the afternoon (which are a korban tomid). The difference is that the korban mussaf is brought together as two. An additional difference is that the mussaf of Shabbos does not come together with a chatos, unlike during the week.

The mussaf korban of Shabbos represents the kedushas Shabbos, which is another level above the normal reality in which we exist.

All the other mussaf korbonos of Yom Tov are accompanied by a chatas. The Shabbos mussaf korban does not.

Why? My hergesh is that chatos comes to deal with a problem. On Yom Tov, there are specific madreigos-yetziyas mitzrayim, ananei hakovod, kaporos avonos, etc. Shabbos, on the other hand, does not have a specific madreigah. Instead, it reveals that everything that happens in olam hazeh has an additional level to it.

Shabbos reveals to us that the everyday world (of the weekdays), which has the korban tomid, has another level to it. This means that, just as the standard level of the world is part of the natural world of maaseh bereishis, so too the higher level of the world, which exists on Shabbos, is also part of the natural world.

This higher level that we are speaking about is the mekor of all kedushah in the world. It is the mekor because it expresses that there is more in the world than meets the eye, naturally.

This is why we say about the korban mussaf of Shabbos-‘olas Shabbos beshabato al olas hatomid venisco’.  The mussaf of Shabbos comes above the tomid offering of the weekday’s natural world. It is a level above that of the natural world. Shabbos is the korban tomid but at a higher level.

תִּכַּנְתָּ שַׁבָּת

You established the Shabbos

We say the reverse order of the aleph beis.

When we say things generally in the order of the aleph beis, we go from beginning to end. Here we go in reverse order, from the end to the beginning. This is the korban mussaf of Shabbos. Hashem takes the everyday world and elevates it up to Himself.

The Tur says that the korban mussaf is represented by the first four letters of the opening words of Tikanta Shabbos- tishrak (tof, shin, reish, and kuf). Tishrak means to whistle. On Shabbos, Hashem, so to speak, whistles to us. He calls us to come to Him (whistling is a way of calling someone who is far away to come near). This whistling is the idea of the korban mussaf. There is another layer of the world. In this higher level, we can come to Hashem.

תִּכַּנְתָּ שַׁבָּת 

Hashem made a Shabbos which is ossur bemelachah.

רָצִיתָ קָרְבְּנוֹתֶיהָ 

You wanted its korbonos

At the same time as wanting issur melachah, Hashem also wants korbonos, which are mechallel Shabbos. How does this make sense?

The reason why korbonos are permitted to be brought is not because of asei docheh lo saasei. Instead, the essence of Shabbos is to come close to Hashem through a korban. Since this is the essence of Shabbos, of course, they are allowed.

צִוִּיתָ פֵּרוּשֶׁיהָ 

You commanded its commentaries

All the commandments that we can learn are also part of the korban.

עִם סִדּוּרֵי נְסָכֶיהָ

With the order of its libations

The nesachim entails taking wine and pouring it. There is no chillul Shabbos in this. (Similarly, the shechitas korbonos on Shabbos is not chillul Shabbos since this is what Hashem wants).

מְעַנְּגֶיהָ 

Taanug means to be touched by something that is beyond your madreigah.

לְעוֹלָם כָּבוֹד יִנְחָלוּ 

Forever, they will inherit honour.

When you experience oneg on Shabbos, you will have kovod and olam habo forever.

טֹעֲמֶיהָ חַיִּים זָכוּ

Those who taste it will be zocheh to life

Taanug brings to olam habo. Olam Habo is an essential part of Shabbos- Shabbos is meein olam habo.

The Mashgiach told me that if you want to test yourself to know if you are shayach to olam habo, you need to see if you are shayach to Shabbos.

When you have a flavour for the life of olam habo of Shabbos, then you have a different life-‘chaim zochu’.

וְגַם הָאֹהֲבִים דְּבָרֶיהָ גְּדֻלָּה בָּחָרוּ 

Also, those who love its words have chosen greatness

When you love what is said about Shabbos, then you are choosing something big. 

Gadlus means to live in a ‘multi-storey building’-there is another level. An adom gadol lives simultaneously on two levels. He can have deep hasagos whilst, at the same time, relating to others in a very simple way.

This gadlus is what we spoke about earlier in regards to the korban mussaf. There’s the korban tomid, which represents the lower level of the world and there’s the korban mussaf of Shabbos which represents the higher level.

שֶׁתַּעֲלֵנוּ בְשִׂמְחָה לְאַרְצֵנוּ, וְתִטָּעֵנוּ בִּגְבוּלֵנוּ 

That You should bring us up to our land

We should be rooted in Eretz Yisroel

וְשָׁם נַעֲשֶׂה לְפָנֶיךָ אֶת קָרְבְּנוֹת חוֹבוֹתֵינוּ 

And there we will perform in front of You the korbonos

For all the other mussaf korbonos of Yom Tov, we ask that we should be in the Beis Hamikdash so that we can bring the korbonos. In the mussaf of Rosh Chodesh Shabbos, we say that the kavod of the Beis Hamikdash has been taken away and was destroyed, and we ask Hashem to rebuild it so that we can bring the korbonos there. However, for the korban mussaf of Shabbos, we ask to be brought only to Eretz Yisroel and not to the Beis Hamikdash. Why not?

The Cheshek Shlomo says that it’s because meleches Beis Hamikdash is not docheh Shabbos. Therefore, we cannot ask for the Beis Hamikdash to be rebuilt on Shabbos.

I think that there is also another answer. The reason why we ask for the Beis Hamikdash in the Yom Tov Shemoneh Esrei is that there is a special kedushah on Yom Tov. The fact that it has a special kedushah means that it needs a place. On the other hand, the kedushas Shabbos is not special. Rather, kedushas Shabbos is part of the natural world. Therefore, we do not need a special place for it. We simply need to be in Eretz Yisroel, where all of klal Yisroel are. Shabbos and klal Yisroel are a ben zug. Therefore, as long as we have Klal Yisroel in Eretz Yisroel, this is sufficient for the korban mussaf of Shabbos.

Of course, we cannot bring the korban mussaf on Shabbos just from being in Eretz Yisroel. We also need the Beis Hamikdash. However, the main thing that we need for the korban mussaf of Shabbos is Klal Yisroel.

ישמחו במלכותך שומר’ שבת 

They will rejoice in Your kingdom, those who guard the Shabbos

The malchus causes the simchah. We have a simchah with the malchus shomayim. This is due to our living on a higher level.

קורא עונג

We are calling oneg to come

עם מקדשי שביעי

The nation that makes Shabbos holy

We have a connection with kedushah

כולם ישבעו ויתענגו מטובך

All of them will be satisfied and will delight in Your goodness

All three (the Shomrei Shabbos, the korei oneg, and the am mekadshei shevii) should have a taanug from Hashem‘s goodness.

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Written by Rabbi Rapport